Reimagining Policy Frameworks: The Role of Higher Education Governance in Advancing Equity in South Africa

Abstract

This study critically examines the role of governance frameworks in shaping equity outcomes within the South African higher education system. Drawing on a qualitative, interpretive research design, the study integrates policy document analysis, comparative multi-case analysis of nine universities, and secondary qualitative data derived from stakeholder submissions. Key national policy frameworks, including the Higher Education Act (1997) and the Ministerial Statement on University Funding (2020), are analysed to assess the alignment between policy intent and institutional realities. The findings reveal persistent structural inequalities, including misalignment between policy and institutional capacity, inequitable funding distribution, tensions between autonomy and accountability, limited stakeholder participation, and restricted policy adaptability. Evidence suggests that performance-based funding and standardised governance approaches disproportionately advantage historically well-resourced institutions while constraining historically disadvantaged institutions and universities of technology. In response, the study proposes a Governance Adaptability Model that integrates contextual differentiation, stakeholder inclusion, and strategic adaptability. The model advocates for differentiated governance contracts, equity-based funding mechanisms, participatory governance audits, and continuous feedback systems. By embedding flexibility and inclusivity into governance frameworks, the model offers a context-sensitive approach to advancing equity and institutional responsiveness in South Africa’s higher education sector.