Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities and Healthcare Access in Bengaluru’s Slums: A Focus on Eye Health

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Bengaluru has led to a rise in slum settlements, where nearly 16 per cent of the city’s population resides. Many of them remain unrecognized, lacking essential services such as proper housing, sanitation and healthcare. The burden of inadequate living conditions contributes to poor health outcomes. Limited access to affordable healthcare, particularly eye care, further exacerbates these challenges. This study assesses the socio-economic vulnerabilities of slum residents, with a focus on healthcare accessibility and eye health conditions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining primary and secondary data sources. Geographic Information Systems were used to map 218 slums, assessing their infrastructure and access to services. A Vulnerability Index was developed based on socio-economic parameters. Surveys and health assessments were conducted to assess healthcare needs and barriers, particularly those related to vision impairment. The study reveals stark inequalities in slum conditions with inadequate housing, poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Healthcare services, particularly eye care, remain inaccessible due to financial constraints and lack of awareness. A high prevalence of non-communicable diseases and vision impairments was observed, despite the presence of private eye care facilities. Findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions in slum healthcare. Policy recommendations include strengthening community-based healthcare programmes, enhancing government support and promoting awareness campaigns for eye health. Leveraging GIS and socio-economic data can aid in designing inclusive, sustainable healthcare strategies for marginalized urban population.