Linkages between Living Arrangements, Social Positioning and Economic Conditions with the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly

Abstract

/p align="justify">This study explores the intersection of living arrangements, socio-economic positioning, and the physical and mental health of elderly individuals in India, using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1 (2017-18). Analysis reveals marked disparities in functional independence, mobility restrictions and mental health conditions across socio-demographic and economic groups. Advanced age, living alone, low education level and poor economic well-being significantly correlate with higher prevalence of limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), mobility issues and chronic morbidities. Mental health outcomes, including depression and cognitive impairment, were notably worse among widowed individuals, those dissatisfied with living arrangements and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Regional differences highlight varying access to healthcare and social support networks with urban areas showing lower mobility restrictions but higher morbidities than rural regions. Logistic regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) confirm these patterns, emphasizing the multifaceted role of socio-economic inequalities. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted health interventions, enhanced social support systems and policy reforms to address the diverse health challenges faced by India’s aging population